Smart Locks: 5 Fast Facts

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Fact #1. Like everything else that shares the name, it is made up of two components: a lock and a key. In the case of smart locks, though, the key is a bit more abstracted. Instead of a small metal item placed inside a mechanism, it's usually a finger, fob, or smartphone. The lock contains a cryptographic key and a wireless protocol that authorizes a person's entry.
Fact #2. There are a variety of styles, technologies, and materials available. The majority are constructed from hardened steel and tamper-resistant alloys for additional security. The internal components include interfacing electronics, computer hardware, and a motorized drive. These are engaged by a power assembly equipped with either a live electric current or a series of batteries. When an access signal is approved, the lock's motor assembly moves the pins and tumblers. This turns the door's deadbolt.
Fact #3. The earliest known lock-and-key was discovered in the ruins of Nineveh, the capital of ancient Assyria. This style of lock eventually evolved into the more familiar Egyptian wooden pin lock. It consisted of a bolt, door fixture, and accompanying key. By the Industrial Revolution, advances in design and engineering allowed for more complex manufacturing.
Fact #4. The modern version of the double-acting pin tumbler lock was invented by Linus Yale in 1848. This design used pins of varying lengths. These prevented the lock from opening without the proper key. His son went on to invent the kind of keys we still use today. A mixture of inspiration from Egypt and his father lead him to this invention.
Fact #5. Digital keypad entry and wireless locking systems have been used in commercial buildings for many years. The budding interest in home consumer smart lock technology is much more recent. It partially grew out of the popularity with smartphone technology during the late 2000s. This intensified after 2012 when cell phones integrated high-speed mobile broadband capabilities.